Holcobunus

Holcobunus
Holcobunus nigripalpis Roewer, 1910, Brazil, São Paulo, from flickr [1]. Photo copyright © Enio Branco [2]
Suborder	Eupnoi
Superfamily	Phalangioidea
Family	Sclerosomatidae
Subfamily	Gagrellinae

Holcobunus Roewer, 1910 is a large genus in the family Sclerosomatidae, subfamily Gagrellinae. The generic pertinence of most of its species is unsure.

Taxonomy

• Holcobunus Roewer, 1910:162
• Garleppa Roewer, 1912:56 (syn. Ringuelet, 1954)
• Sympathica Mello-Leitão, 1933:101 (syn. Tourinho & Kury, 2001)
• Paratamboicus Mello-Leitão, 1940:97 (syn. Tourinho & Kury, 2001)

Type species

• Holcobunus nigripalpis Roewer, 1910 (by original designation)

Species

"Remarks: Both species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest (including the type species) form a very homogeneous group and probably constitute a monophyletic unit. Generic placement of species distributed outside this domain is questionable and will await on a review of those species and of other South American genera." (Tourinho & Kury 2001)

"Species of Brazilian Atlantic Forest included – Holcobunus bicornutus Mello-Leitão and Holcobunus nigripalpis Roewer." (Tourinho & Kury 2001)

• Holcobunus albianus Mello-Leitão, 1944:13 - Brazil
• Holcobunus bicornutus Mello-Leitão, 1940:97 - Brazil
• Holcobunus bogotensis Roewer, 1953:249 - Colombia
• Holcobunus chilensis Piza, 1942:389 - Chile (?) [mislisted elsewhere as Brazil, see Roewer, 1953]
• Holcobunus cinctus Roewer, 1953:249 - Colombia
• Holcobunus conspersus Roewer, 1953:248 - Bolivia
• Holcobunus dentatus Roewer, 1910:164 - Brazil
• Holcobunus dissimilis Tourinho, Pinto-da-Rocha & Bragagnolo, 2015:427 - Brazil
• Holcobunus dubius Ringuelet, 1960 [1959?]:224 - Argentina
• Holcobunus formosus (Ringuelet, 1953):40 - Argentina (implicit transfer)
• Holcobunus ibitirama Tourinho, Pinto-da-Rocha & Bragagnolo, 2015:429 - Brazil
• Holcobunus iguassuensis Mello-Leitão, 1935:367 - Brazil
• Holcobunus laevis Ringuelet, 1960 [1959?]:225 - Argentina
• Holcobunus luteipalpis Roewer 1910: 164 - Brazil (See under Abaetetuba)
• Holcobunus marmoratus Mello-Leitão, 1938:334 - Brazil
• Holcobunus metallicus Roewer, 1953:248 - Bolivia (Illimani)
• Holcobunus mexicanus Roewer, 1953:250 - Mexico (Tampico)
• Holcobunus misionicus Ringuelet, 1959:227 - Argentina
• Holcobunus nigripalpis Roewer, 1910:163 - Brazil
• Holcobunus riedeli Starega, 1970:3 - Cuba
• Holcobunus segadasi Mello-Leitão, 1949:1 - Brazil
• Holcobunus tenuis Roewer, 1953:249 - Honduras
• Holcobunus tocantinus Roewer 1953:246 - Brazil (Tocantins - Cametá)
• Holcobunus trochanteralis Roewer 1953:246 - Brazil (Tocantins - Cametá)
• Holcobunus uaisoh Tourinho, Pinto-da-Rocha & Bragagnolo, 2015:430 - Brazil
• Holcobunus unicolor (Loman, 1902):178 - Bolivia
• Holcobunus unifasciatus Roewer 1910:166 - Colombia

See also Prionomma unicolor Loman 1902:178 [F; in Holcobunus: Roewer 1910:167; Bolivia]

See Garleppa for the following, later in revised combination:

• Holcobunus geniculatus Mello-Leitão, 1938:335 - Brazil
• Holcobunus granulatus (Roewer, 1912) - Bolivia
• Holcobunus insperatus (H. Soares, 1972) - Brazil
• Holcobunus littoralis Mello-Leitão, 1938:336 - Brazil

The above could be considered to have had the above combination from junior subjective synonym of Garleppa Roewer 1912 under Holcobunus Roewer 1910 by Ringuelet (1954a: 288), but the generic synonomy was not adopted by later authors

Else note, many species have been listed in online sources under Paratamboicus which is a Junior subjective synonym of Holcobunus Roewer 1910 by Tourinho & Kury (2001: 6).

Diagnosis

From Tourinho & Kury (2001)

• (1) eye mound dorsally armed with low spines with points either sharp or blunt, located on its anterior half or arranged in two parallel rows.
• (2) first proximal nodule closer to the base of the femora (0.1-0.3/0.1-0.15/0.1-0.4/0.1-0.3 of the femur length).
• (3) Lateral margins of supracheliceral lamina crenulate.
• (4) Dorsal scute in male trapezoid with posterior margin convex, in female markedly pyriform.
• (5) Pedipalpal tibia sinuous at base (Figs.12, 21).
• (6) Femoral nodule formula: 2/5-6/2/2-3.
• (7) Winglets (collapsible sacs) uniform narrow (longer than wide) along all its extension, borders undulated; anterior part in ventral view folding ventrally to form collar (Figs.31, 33).
• (8) Truncus strongly sinuous dorsoventrally, slightly bent without forming definite angle at glans (Fig.27).
• (9) Glans globous, stylus long (40% of glans length) (Figs.28, 32).
• Character states 7-9 are unknown for H. bicornutus. Character states 2,4 and 5 are putative synapomorphies for the genus Holcobunus.

Notes

Location: South America, with extralimital species from Mexico, Honduras, and Colombia, Bolivia, and others needing revision.

Tourinho & Kury, 2001 (on p. 9) say for Holcobunus iguassuensis Mello-Leitão, 1935 "is surely a member of the Pectenobunus Roewer, 1910/Acropiliops Mello-Leitão 1933 assemblage". Also, Holcobunus dentatus Roewer, 1910 was included in a list of "eight species are probably most closely related to the hitherto monotypic Jussara Mello-Leitão, 1935", but was not transferred in Tourinho-Davis & Kury, (2003). Tourinho-Davis 2004 discusses the possible placement of Holcobunus luteipalpis Roewer, 1910 in Abaetuba, concluding that re-examination of that type specimen is required.