| Indomalaya | |
|---|---|
 The Indomalayan realm, according to the WWF. | |
|
Composition |
Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and southern China. |
|
WWF prefix |
IM |
|
Realm category |
For a checklist of Opiliones in this realm, see the Indomalayan Realm category. |
|
Total described opilio-diversity |
1343 species [1] |
|
Realms of the Earth |
Afrotropic - Australasia - Indomalaya - Nearctic - Neotropic - Palearctic |
The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia.
Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia to lowland southern China, and through Indonesia as far as Java, Bali, and Borneo, east of which lies the Wallace line, the realm boundary named after Alfred Russel Wallace which separates Indomalayan from Australasia. Indomalaya also includes the Philippines, lowland Taiwan, and Japan's Ryukyu Islands.
Most of Indomalaya was originally covered by forest, mostly tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, with tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests predominant in much of India and parts of Southeast Asia. The tropical moist forests of Indomalaya are mostly dominated by trees of the dipterocarp family (Dipterocarpaceae).
Predominant Opiliones fauna are Assamiidae, Biantidae, Epedanidae, Gagrellinae, Podoctidae, Sandokanidae.
Subdivisions[]
Indian subcontinent[]
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka.
Indochina[]
The Indochina bioregion includes most of mainland Southeast Asia: Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, subtropical forests of southern China.
Philippines[]
The Philippine Islands are more or less isolated from Sunda or Wallacea.
Sundaland[]
Sundaland (also called the Sundaic region) is a biogeographical region of Southeastern Asia which encompasses the Sunda shelf, the part of the Asian continental shelf that was exposed during the last glacial period of the Pleistocene, from approximately 110,000 to 12,000 years ago. It includes the Malay Peninsula, Malaysia on the Asian mainland, as well as the large islands of Borneo (Brunei, Malaysia and Indonesia), Java, and Sumatra (Indonesia) and their surrounding islands.
The eastern boundary of Sundaland is the Wallace Line, identified by Alfred Russel Wallace as the eastern boundary of the range of Asia's land mammal fauna, and thus the boundary of the Indomalaya and Australasia ecozones. The islands east of the Wallace line are known as Wallacea, and are considered part of Australasia.
Wallacea[]
Wallacea is a biogeographical designation for a group of mainly Indonesian islands separated by deep water straits from the Asian and Australian continental shelves. Wallacea includes Sulawesi, the largest island in the group, as well as Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Timor, Halmahera, Buru, Seram, and many smaller islands (Indonesia).
The islands of Wallacea lie between Sundaland (the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, and Bali) to the west, and Near Oceania including Australia and New Guinea to the south and east. The total land area of Wallacea is 347,000 km².
References[]
- ↑ Kury, AB (2012a) A synopsis of catalogs and checklists of harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones). Zootaxa, 3184, 35–58.
WWF terrestrial ecoregions[]
| IM0101 | Andaman Islands rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0102 | Borneo lowland rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0103 | Borneo montane rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0104 | Borneo peat swamp forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0105 | Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0106 | Cardamom Mountains rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0107 | Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0108 | Chao Phraya lowland moist deciduous forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0109 | Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0110 | Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0111 | Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0112 | Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0113 | Eastern Java-Bali rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0114 | Greater Negros-Panay rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0115 | Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0116 | Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0117 | Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0118 | Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0119 | Kayah-Karen montane rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0120 | Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0121 | Luang Prabang montane rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0122 | Luzon montane rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0123 | Luzon rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0124 | Malabar Coast moist forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0125 | Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0126 | Meghalaya subtropical forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0127 | Mentawai Islands rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0128 | Mindanao montane rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0129 | Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0130 | Mindoro rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0131 | Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0132 | Myanmar coastal rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0133 | Nicobar Islands rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0134 | North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0135 | North Western Ghats montane rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0136 | Northern Annamites rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0137 | Northern Indochina subtropical forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0138 | Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0139 | Northern Thailand-Laos moist deciduous forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0140 | Northern Triangle subtropical forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0141 | Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0142 | Orissa semi-evergreen forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0143 | Palawan rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0144 | Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0145 | Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0146 | Peninsular Malaysian rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0147 | Red River freshwater swamp forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0148 | South China Sea Islands | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0149 | South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0150 | South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0151 | South Western Ghats montane rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0152 | Southern Annamites montane rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0153 | Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0154 | Sri Lanka lowland rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0155 | Sri Lanka montane rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0156 | Sulu Archipelago rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0157 | Sumatran freshwater swamp forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0158 | Sumatran lowland rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0159 | Sumatran montane rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0160 | Sumatran peat swamp forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0161 | Sundaland heath forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0162 | Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0163 | Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0164 | Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0165 | Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0166 | Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0167 | Western Java montane rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0168 | Western Java rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0169 | Hainan Island monsoon rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0170 | Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0171 | South Taiwan monsoon rain forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0172 | Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests | Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0201 | Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests | Tropical & Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0202 | Central Indochina dry forests | Tropical & Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0203 | Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests | Tropical & Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0204 | East Deccan dry-evergreen forests | Tropical & Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0205 | Irrawaddy dry forests | Tropical & Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0206 | Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests | Tropical & Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0207 | Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests | Tropical & Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0208 | Northern dry deciduous forests | Tropical & Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0209 | South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests | Tropical & Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0210 | Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests | Tropical & Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0211 | Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests | Tropical & Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0212 | Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests | Tropical & Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests |
| IM0301 | Himalayan subtropical pine forests | Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests |
| IM0302 | Luzon tropical pine forests | Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests |
| IM0303 | Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests | Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests |
| IM0304 | Sumatran tropical pine forests | Tropical & Subtropical Coniferous Forests |
| IM0401 | Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests | Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests |
| IM0402 | Northern Triangle temperate forests | Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests |
| IM0403 | Western Himalayan broadleaf forests | Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests |
| IM0501 | Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests | Temperate Coniferous Forests |
| IM0502 | Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests | Temperate Coniferous Forests |
| IM0701 | Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands | Tropical & Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, & Shrublands |
| IM0901 | Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh | Flooded Grasslands and Savannas |
| IM1001 | Kinabalu montane alpine meadows | Montane Grasslands and Shrublands |
| IM1301 | Deccan thorn scrub forests | Deserts & Xeric Shrublands |
| IM1302 | Indus Valley desert | Deserts & Xeric Shrublands |
| IM1303 | Northwestern thorn scrub forests | Deserts & Xeric Shrublands |
| IM1304 | Thar desert | Deserts & Xeric Shrublands |
| IM1401 | Goadavari-Krishna mangroves | Mangrove |
| IM1402 | Indochina mangroves | Mangrove |
| IM1403 | Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves | Mangrove |
| IM1404 | Myanmar Coast mangroves | Mangrove |
| IM1405 | Sunda Shelf mangroves | Mangrove |
| IM1406 | Sundarbans mangroves | Mangrove |